The Mosaic blueprint for an emerging nation does not wallow in sentimental egalitarianism. Nor is it precisely a meritocracy. Critical offices that the nation will require are allocated by a mixture of inheritance and charism. Yet whatever route brings a priest or prophet to his task, the burden of responsibility does not rest lightly.
In a tribal assignment that has generated libraries of inky pages produced by scholars who reconstruct a history behind the text, the Levites inherit a great share of the new nation’s priestly responsibilities. Ironically, they inherit little else:
The levitical priests, the whole tribe of Levi, shall have no allotment or inheritance within Israel. They may eat the sacrifices that are the LORD’S portion but they shall have no inheritance among the other members of the community; the LORD is their inheritance, as he promised them. This shall be the priests’ due from the people, from those offering a sacrifice, whether an ox or a sheep: they shall give to the priest the shoulder, the two jowls, and the stomach. The first fruits of your grain, your wine, and your oil, as well as the first of the fleece of your sheep, you shall give him. For the LORD your God has chosen Levi out of all your tribes, to stand and minister in the name of the LORD, him and his sons for all time.
On the surface, this might look like a cushy guaranteed salary. No matter the work ethic of an individual priest, he’ll eat well on the bounty of meat and vegetable over which less privileged Israelites will have sweat days of hard labor. Yet the prophetic literature alludes with some regularity to tithes that were not given and offerings not brought to the temple precincts for their proper, priestly management.
It would seem that the conceptual architecture of the new nation of Israel contemplates a kind of modified profit motive: the status of the Levitical pantry will to some degree hinge upon the spiritual state of the people. A nation that is casual or even resistant to YHWH’s commands will not bring sacrifices. Priest will grow thin, then gaunt, then perhaps rebellious, and even lethally inventive.
It might have been better to have one of those ordinary inheritances, with soil to turn over and grapes to savor. (more…)